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students have been taught in another version of the linear model of com-posing to use a thesis statement as a controlling device in their introductory paragraphs. Since they write their introductions and their thesis statements even before they have really discovered what they want to say, their early close attention to the thesis statement, and more generally the linear model function to restrict and circumscribe not only the development of their ideas, but also their ability to change the direction of these ideas. 

experienced writers often use structural expressions such as "finding a framework," "a pattern," or "a design" for their argument. When questioned about this emphasis, the experienced writers responded that since their first drafts are usually scattered attempts to define their territory, their objective in the second draft is to begin observing general patterns of development and deciding what should be included and what excluded. One writer explained, "I have learned from experience that I need to keep writing a first draft until I figure out what I want to say. Then in a second draft, I begin to see the structure of an argument and how all the various sub-argument which are buried beneath the surface of all those sentences are related." 

what does my essay as a whole need for form, balance, rhythm, or communication. Details are added, dropped, sub-stituted, or reordered according to their sense of what the essay needs for emphasis and proportion. 

1.) Revising: "It means taking apart what I have written and putting it back together again. I ask major theoretical questions of my ideas, respond to those questions, and think of proportion and structure, and try to find a controlling metaphor. I find out which ideas can be developed and which should be dropped. I am constantly chiseling and changing as I revise." 

2.) Revising: "My cardinal rule in revising is never to fall in love with what I have written in a first or second draft. An idea, sentence, or even a phrase that looks catchy, I don't trust. Part of this idea is to wait a while. I am much more in love with something after I have written it than I am a day or two later. It is much easier to change anything with time." 

3.) Rewriting: "My first draft is usually very scattered. In rewriting, I find the line of argument. After the argument is resolved, I am much more in-terested in word choice and phrasing." 

4.) Rewriting. "Rewriting means on one level, finding the argument, and on another level, language changes to make the argument more effective. Most of the time I feel as if I can go on rewriting forever. There is always one part of a piece that I could keep working on. It is always difficult to know at what point to abandon a piece of writing. I like this idea that a piece of writing is never finished, just abandoned." 

5.) Rewriting: "I rewrite as I write. It is hard to tell what is a first draft because it is not determined by time. In one draft, I might cross out three pages, write two, cross out a fourth, rewrite it, and call it a draft. I am constantly writing and rewriting. I can only conceptualize so much in my first draft-only so much information can be held in my head at one time; my rewriting efforts are a reflection of how much information I can en-compass at one time. There are levels and agenda which I have to attend to in each draft." 

6.) Rewriting. "It is a matter of looking at the kernel of what I have written, the content, and then thinking about it, responding to it, making deci-sions, and actually restructuring it."